Mozambique

​




 * MOZAMBIQUE**

Table of Contents


 * 1) Country Report
 * 2) Current Event
 * 3) Tourist Info
 * 4) Works Cited
 * 5) Timeline

1.)
 * **//__Background__//**
 * Five centuries as a Portuguese colony came to a close with independence in 1975. Large-scale emigration, economic dependence on South Africa, a severe drought, and a long civil war interrupted the country's development until about the mid 1990's. The ruling Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) party abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year had multiparty elections and a free market economy. A un-negotiated peace agreement between FRELIMO and rebel Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO) forces ended the fighting in 1992. In December 2004, Mozambique went through a transition as Joaquim Chissano (former president) stepped down after 18 years in office. Armando Emilio Guebuza was elected and promised to continue the sound economic policies that have encouraged foreign investment. Mozambique has seen strong economic growth since the end of the civil war largely due to post-conflict reconstruction.


 * **//__Location__//**
 * Southern Africa, between Angola and South Africa.


 * **//__Area__//**
 * Total: 824,292 sq km
 * Country comparison to the world: 41
 * Land: 823,290 sq km; water: 1,002 sq km


 * **//__Borders__//**
 * South Atlantic Ocean


 * **//__Climate__//**
 * Mostly high plateau with the Namib Desert along coast and Kalahari Desert in the east.


 * **//__Ethnic Groups__//**
 * In 1998, 99.66% of the population was made up of different tribal groups, including the Shangaan, Chokwe, Manyika, Sena, and Makua. Overall, there are 10 major ethnic groups. The largest, north of the Zambezi, is the Makua-Lomwé group. They make up 37% of the total population. The Yao live in Niassa Province. The Makonde live mainly along the Rovuma River. Other northern groups are the Nguni and the Maravi. South of the Zambezi, the main group is the Tsonga. They make up about 23% of the population. The Chopi are coastal people of Inhambane Province. The Shona make up 9% of the population. They live along the central region. Also living in Mozambique in the 1990s were Euro-Africans, which made up 0.2% of the population. Europeans made up 0.6% of the population and Indians making up 0.8 percent of the population.


 * **//__Government Type__//**
 * Republic


 * **//__Suffrage__//**
 * 18 years of age


 * **//__GDP per capita__//**
 * $900 country comparison to the world: 215
 * //**__Agricultural Products__**//
 * Cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, cassava (tapioca), corn, coconuts, sisal, citrus and tropical fruits, potatoes, sunflowers; beef and, poultry are the main agricultural products.


 * **//__Imports (commodities)__//**
 * Machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, chemicals, metal products, foodstuffs, and textiles are the main imports.


 * **//__Religion__//**
 * Catholics make up 23.8% of the population. Muslim makes up 17.8% of the population. Zionist Christianmakes up 17.5% of the population. Other 17.8%. The people with no religion make up 23.1% of the population.


 * **//__Terrain__//**
 * Mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest and, mountains in west[[image:saddam.gif width="412" height="465" align="right"]].


 * **//__Natural Resources__//**
 * Coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, and graphite.


 * **//__Land Use__//**
 * Arable land: 5.43%
 * Permanent crops: 0.29%
 * Other: 94.28%


 * **//__Natural Hazards__//**
 * Severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods are in central and southern provinces.


 * **//__Environmental Issues__//**
 * A long civil war and recurrent drought in the hinterlands have resulted in increased migration of the population to urban and coastal areas with environmental consequences, desertification, pollution of surface and coastal waters, and elephant poaching for ivory is a problem


 * **//__Languages__//**
 * Emakhuwa 26.1%
 * Xichangana 11.3%
 * Portuguese 8.8% (official; spoken by 27% of population as a second language)
 * Elomwe 7.6%
 * Cisena 6.8%
 * Echuwabo 5.8%
 * Other Mozambican languages 32%
 * Other foreign languages 0.3%
 * Unspecified 1.3%


 * **//__Capital__//**
 * Maputo


 * **//__Leader__//**
 * Armando Guebuza


 * **//__Military Expenditures__//**
 * 0.8% of GDP
 * Country comparison to the world: 149


 * **//__Industries__//**
 * Food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), aluminum, petroleum products, textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, and tobacco are the main industries.


 * **//__Currency/Exchange Rule__//**
 * Meticais per US dollar - 24.125 (2008), 26.264 (2007), 25.4 (2006), 23,061 (2005), 22,581 (2004)
 * **//__Education__//**
 * Total: 8 years
 * Male: 9 years
 * Female: 7 years
 * **//__Population__//**
 * 21,669,278
 * Country comparison to the world: 53


 * **//__Population Growth Rate__//**
 * 1.791%
 * Country comparison to the world: 72


 * **//__Net Migration Rate__//**
 * N/A


 * **//__Infant Mortality Rate__//**
 * Total: 105.8 deaths/1,000 live births
 * Country comparison to the world: 7
 * Male: 108.57 deaths/1,000 live births
 * Female: 103 deaths/1,000 live births


 * **//__Life Expectancy__//**
 * Total population: 41.18 years
 * Country comparison to the world: 220
 * Male: 41.83 years female: 40.53 years
 * **//__Literacy__//**
 * Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
 * Total population: 47.8%
 * Male: 63.5%
 * Female: <span class="category_data" style="font-weight: normal; vertical-align: top;">32.7%


 * **//__Independence__//**
 * June 25, 1975 (from Portugal)


 * **//__Economic Overview__//**
 * At independence in 1975, Mozambique was one of the world's poorest countries. In 1987, the government started on a series of macroeconomic reforms designed to stabilize the economy. These steps, combined with donor assistance and with political stability since the multi-party elections in 1994, have led to dramatic improvements in the country's growth rate. Inflation was reduced to single digits in the 1990's but was back in double digits in the 2000's. Only to reduce to 8% while GDP growth reached 7.5%. Mozambique remains dependent upon foreign assistance for much of its annual budget, and the majority of the population remains below the poverty line. Agriculture continues to employ the vast majority of the country's work force.


 * **//__Unemployment__//**
 * 21% of Mozambique is unemployed.


 * **//__Exports (commodities)__//**
 * Aluminum, prawns, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity are all exported out of Mozambique.


 * **//__Illicit Drugs__//**
 * Hasish, heroin, and cocaine.


 * **//__Internet Access__//**
 * 200,000 people use the internet in Mozambique.


 * **//__Current Event__//**
 * Natural gas from Mozambique's Temane and Pande gas fields could be piped into residential areas of Maputo city and Marracuene by 2012. The cabinet had approved terms and conditions of a concession between the government and the national hydro carbonates company ENH for the setting up of a more than $80m natural gas distribution project to residential areas.

3.)
 * **//__Tourist Info__//**
 * Mozambique is a popular place to visit for the many attractions it offers. Two of the most popular places tourists visit are the Gorangosa National Park, and the many beautiful islands that it offers.
 * It is a fun vacation for a family so you can share the wondermont with your loved ones.
 * Mozambique is located on the southeastern coast of Africa and is bordered by Tanzania to the North, South Africa and Swaziland to the South, Zimbabwe to the West and Zambia and Malawi to the northwest.
 * The most important rivers are the Zambezi flowing southeast across the centre of Mozambique into the Indian Ocean, the Limpopo in the south, the Save in the middle and the Lugfenda in the north.
 * The most important lake is Lake Niassa.
 * In the river valleys and deltas, the soil is rich and fertile, but southern and central Mozambique have poor and sandy soil, and parts of the interior are dry. [[image:1221460-Maputo-Central-Market-0.jpg align="right" caption="Maputo Central Market"]]
 * South African Airways
 * Hotel Ibis, Holiday Inn, Hotel Cardoso, and Polana hotel.
 * Many beautiful islands such as the Benguerra Island and the Bazaruto Island.
 * Mueseum of the Revolution
 * Central Market
 * Gorongosa National Park



4.) <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: center;">

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; text-align: left;">Mozambique Flag​: [|https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mz.html] Description of Flag: [] Country Report: [] Map: [] Current Event: [] Tourist Info: []
 * //__WORKS CITED__//**

5.)

**//__Timeline​__//**

​
 * **1498:** Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama reached Mozambique with four ships. They are accepted in Maputo and then sail on to the town of Mozambique. He is surprised to find a developed society with trade, monetary economy, wealthy merchants and sheikhs.
 * **1500:** Vasco da Gama returns to Mozambique with more ships and weapons. His intention is to take over control of the region.
 * **1600's:** After staying at the coast, the Portuguese now try to reach further into the continent. Explorations start from the Zambezi river.
 * **1698:** After losing Mombasa and the Kenyan coast to the Arabs, Portugal concentrates on their positions further south.
 * **1700's:** As one of the few places in Africa, it becomes common for the Portuguese to adapt some of the African culture.
 * **1752:** Portugal announces that Mozambique is now their colony. The slave trade starts.
 * **1787:** The Portuguese raise a fort in Lourenço Marques and a town starts to develop around it.
 * **Mid 1800's:** The Monomatapa empire collapses under the pressure from both Portugal and the new generation of Arab traders.
 * **1869:** Portugal officially abolishes slavery, but the cruel trade with humans goes on in Mozambique until around 1900.
 * **1891:** Portugal and Britain sign a treaty which lays out the current borders of Mozambique.