Tanzania

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 **Tanzania **

By: Chelsey Juliano



To the left is the flag that represents Tanzania. The description of this flag is divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue. This flag was originally adopted on June 30,1964. Other than the flag's descrition, these are the colors that are combined together from other flags from Tanganyika and Zanzibar, which joined to form Tanzania. 

** THE MAP **

Here is the map of just Tanzania by itself with all of its cities and also the capital as well towards the right middle.

Here is this map on the right that is not just of Tanzania but yet of the entire African state with Tanzania being the green little square on the map right there.



**BACKGROUND **

Tanzania is made up of 1 mainland: **__Tanganyika__** and 3 coral islands: __**Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar.**__ It shares 3 different borders with 3 different Great Lakes called: __**Victoria, Nyasa, and Tanganyika.**__ Some parts of Tanzania are highland plateaus, some other parts are low-lying coastal plains, and then some other parts are the upland plains. Some animals that are protected in Tanzania'z National Parks and also Reserves would be the lions, elephants, rhinoceroses, and last but not least hippopotamuses.

The place known as Tarzania was inhabited by many various people before different traders from another country named Southern Arabia had started to have traders come over in the 8th century. After they found the city of Kilwa, the Arabs had started to mix with the Bantu population to produce the "Kiswahili language." Then in the 15th century came the "Portugues language." From the overloads from the Muscat and the Oman, they had produced a series of powerful and populous trading cities and also sultanates. Some independence was established in the 1960's from Britain.




 * CLIMATE AND LAND USE **

Most of Tanzania's climate is exactly-hot, humid, and 90 degrees F and (32 degrees C) on the coast mostly. ​The 4 months that it rains there is primarily from March to May and also as well October to December, also including some seasonal variations from the North to the South.

The land use of this country Tanzania, is: Arable land (4.23%), Permanent Crops (1.16%), and Other (94.61% 2005) 


 * TIME LINE**

__**Mid 1800's:**__ Until this time, the sultanate of Zanzibar firmly controlled both the islands and the mainland coast


 * __1886:__** Tanganyika became a German protectorate


 * __1920:__** Tanganyika fell under British rule


 * __1961-1963:__** Tanganyika was granted independence, followed by a fully independent Zanzibar

__**1964:**__ Two nations merged to form Tanzania and became a socialist republic under Julius Nyerere


 * __1985:__** Nyerere stepped down as president after constitutional reform and chose Ali Hassan Mwinyi to succeed him


 * __1990:__** Mwinyi was reelected without opposition, but he promised to step down after democratic elections


 * __1992-1995:__** Multiparty district and regional elections were held

__**1995:**__ Full national elections were being held

__**1999:**__ An agreement brought the opposition back to their seats in parliament, but disputes continued


 * LOCATION AND AREA **

<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 110%;">__**Location:**__ In eastern Africa, bordering one of the ocean's named the Indian Ocean, and it is also between Kenya and Mozambique.

__**<span style="font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 110%;">Area: **__

Total- <span class="category_data" style="font-weight: normal; vertical-align: top;">**947,300 sq km** The comparison of the country to the world- **38** Land- <span class="category_data" style="font-weight: normal; vertical-align: top;">**885,800 sq km** Water- <span class="category_data" style="font-weight: normal; vertical-align: top;">**61,500 sq km**

<span style="background-color: #008000; color: #ffff00; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">**<span style="background-color: #008000; color: #ffff00; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 140%;">GOVERNMENT<span class="category_data" style="font-weight: normal; vertical-align: top;"> **

Type: **Republic __Capital:__** <span class="category_data" style="font-weight: normal; vertical-align: top;">Dar es Salaam __**<span class="category_data">Suffrage: **__ It is universal and also at 18 years of age __**Independence:**__ The president or leader of the country Tanzania Jakaya Kikwete and has been since December 25, 2005 __**Military Expenditures:**__ 0.2% of GDP (2005 est.)
 * Tanganyika- Independence started on December 9, 1961 (from the UK-administered UN trusteeship)
 * Zanzibar- Independence started on December 19 1963 (from the UK)
 * Both Tanganyika and Zanzibar had united on April 26, 1964 and formed the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar
 * It was then renamed the United Republic of Tanzania in October 29, 1964
 * __Leader:__**
 * In comparison to the rest of the world**- __170__

<span style="background-color: #008000; color: #ffff00; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">
 * <span style="background-color: #008000; color: #ffff00; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">PEOPLE **


 * __Population:__** 41,048,532
 * In comparison to the rest of the world**- __31__

2.04% (2009 est.)
 * __Population Growth Rate:__**
 * In comparison to the rest of the world**- __56__

The population of Tanzania is 40.2 million and is growing by 2.1% annually. The percent of people that live in Tanzania's urban cites is about 24%. Dar es Salaam has about 2 million residents and it is also one of the largest cities in Tanzania. 44% of Tanzanians are under the age of 15 years old. Out of 130 ethnic groups, about 99% of people from the different ethnic groups are African. About 30 of these groups do speak Bantu. The group called Nyamwezi-Sukuma is the only group in Tanzania to have over 1 million people to be in that group, which is 13% of the population.

-1.3 migrant(s) and 1,000 population (2009 est.)
 * __Net Migration Rate:__**
 * In comparison to the rest of the world**- __132


 * Infant Mortality Rate:**__
 * Total**- <span class="category_data" style="font-weight: normal; vertical-align: top;">69.28 deaths and 1,000 live births
 * In comparison to the rest of the world**- __26__
 * Male- <span class="category_data" style="font-weight: normal; vertical-align: top;">76.24 deaths and 1,000 live births **
 * Female**- <span class="category_data" style="font-weight: normal; vertical-align: top;">62.1 deaths and 1,000 live births (2009 est.)


 * __Life Expectrancy:__**
 * Total Population**- <span class="category_data" style="font-weight: normal; vertical-align: top;">52.01 years
 * In comparison to the rest of the world**- __203__
 * Male**- <span class="category_data" style="font-weight: normal; vertical-align: top;">50.56 years
 * Female**- <span class="category_data" style="font-weight: normal; vertical-align: top;">53.51 years (2009 est.)

Main land- African 99% (95% are Bantu which does consist of 130 tribes), other 1% (which is consisting of Asian, European and also Arab) Zanzibar- Arab and African, also a mixture of both of them together There are also three Nilotic ethnic groups, two Khoisan ethnic groups, and two Afro-Asiatic ethnic groups as well. The class of both traders and merchants are mostly dominated by the people that are from the Lebanese, Palestinian, and Indian origin.
 * __Ethnic Groups:__**

Kiswahili or Swahili is (official), Kiunguja (is the name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (which is the primary, official language for commerce, administration, and higher education), and Arabic (which is widely spoken in Zanzibar).
 * __Languages:__**

Kiswahili was the language that was developed along the coasts of both Kenya and also Tanzania as a language between Africans and Arabs for trade. The language is a mixture between Bantu languages that vary, Arabic and also English. Zanzibar has the purest form of Kiswahili which some of the locals call "//Kiunguja."// Most of the people in Tanzania speak the language that they regularly speak in their own ethnic groups but also Kiswahili. Nyerere had made the language Kiswahili more official during the independence period and he inforced the language by urging people to buy radios, and then Radio Broadcasting Tarzanian had broadcasted in Kiswahili and it then became official. The language is still evolving to this day.

__**Religions:**__ Main land- Christian 30%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 35%, in Zanzibar- more than 99% Muslim. With Muslims, they believe in //Allah// (God), who they also think that "Allah" had chose Muhammad and then had revealed the words of //Qur'an// (Koran) to the people through the angel Gabriel. As a choice of being in Islam religion, the Muslims praise "Allah" and also proclaim Muhammad's presence. These people pray about 5 times a day and they want to make a pilgrimage to Makkah, Saudi Arabia sometime in their lives. The government of Tarzania is very neurtral for whatever would want their religion to be.

THE ENTIRE ECONOMY **
 * <span style="background-color: #008000; color: #ffff00; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 150%;">

__**Overview:**__ Tanzania is in the bottom 10% in the world for its economy in terms of their capita income. This country depends very heavily on their agriculture, which makes up more than 40% of GDP, it provides about 85% of their imports that they get and it also employs 80% of the people in the work force. Because of the topography and the climatic conditions, the land is limited to only 4% of cultivated crops there. The industry usuall features the agriculture productions that were made as well as light consumer goods. The World Bank (The IMF), and also donors had provided help with both their economic problems as well as their poverty problems. There was a huge growth for a very longtime through the year 2005 and it increased the output of minerals in gold and it also made a huge pickup in the industrial growth. Some banking reforms had helped increase their investments that they had. Donor assistance had continued and then there was macroeconomic policies had supported the actual growth of the GDP which was 7.1% in 2008. Tourism is the main source of income for Zanzibar. Corruption of many other things do still give this city many problems.

__**Education:**__ 2.2% of GDP (1999)
 * In comparison to the rest of the world**- __164__

Kiswahili is the primary language that needs to be known in order to go to a regular school, but in a secondary school the English language is used. In 2002 the government had introduced primary education. Secondary schools have fees that need to be paid, but all school-aged children that do go to primary schools mostly dont make it past the 7th grade. Education is something huge, but a lot of the children have to get or drop out of school in order to put time into the fields in order to help their families. Some families just cant afford for their children to do that though. Because girls are so valued, the boys are the ones that make it through their education instead of the girls because they need them for something else. There is also a huge disparity between both males and females. Some of the primary schools are so far away from the houses that the secondary schools are boarding schools so that way the live on the property. All students are informed to wear uniforms and there is also Tertiary education served at the University of Dar es Salaam and so is technical traning.

__**Unemployment:**__ NA% $1,300 (2008 est.) $1,300 (2007 est.) $1,200 (2006 est.)
 * __GDP per capita:__**
 * In comparison to the rest of the world**- __204__

__**Industries:**__Agricultural processing (which is sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine); deamond, gold and iron mining, salt, soda ash; cement, oil refining,shoes, apparel, wood products, fertilizer.
 * __Imports (Commodities):__**
 * Consumer goods
 * Machinery and transportation equipment
 * Industrial raw materials
 * Crude oil

__**Exports (Commodities):**__
 * Gold
 * Coffee
 * Cashew Nuts
 * Manufactures
 * Cotton

__**Currency/Exchange Rates:**__ Tanzanian shillings (TZS) per US dollar - 1,178.1 (2008 est.) 1,255 (2007) 1,251.9 (2006) 1,128.93 (2005) 1,089.33 (2004)

__**Illicit Drugs:**__ Afghan heroin and South African cocaine are both passed down the coastline through airports or overland through central Africa. Zanzibar is also used for drug smuggling as well by traffickers. Traffickers in the past have also recruited Tanzanian couriers to move drugs through Iran through to East Asia.

__**Natural Resources:**__
 * Hydropower
 * Tin
 * Phosphates
 * Iron ore
 * Coal
 * Diamonds
 * Gemstones
 * Gold
 * Natural gas
 * Nickel

__**Natural Hazards:**__ There is some flooding on some of the central plateaus mostly during the rainy season and they also have some droughts as well. __**Environmental Issues:**__
 * Soil degradation
 * Deforestation
 * Desertigication
 * Destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats
 * Recent droughts afftected marginal agriculture
 * Wildlife threatened by illegal hunting and trade, especially for ivory

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<span style="background-color: #008000; color: #ffff00; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 130%;">**TOURIST INFORMATION**

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">Visitng this wonderful place is a very important and social custom to them because family and friends visit their often. The hosts that are there are very enthusiastic when welcoming new tourists and they also make them feel right at home and extremely comfortable for their first visit. Even if someone where to come to Tanzania unwelcomed or without any notice they still try their best to still make you feel very welcome but yet it is still common there as well.



Most times of the day is definetely acceptable to visit in this country except for after late in the evening, (which would most likely be after 8 p.m. or anytime after that.) Unfortunately though a host does not find it very polite when visitors take more than one visit at mealtime. Although, even if unannounced, all of the visitors that are passing through are always offered part of a meal but if they object it, the host usually finds it very impolite of the vistor to do so.



In Tanzania they try to be polite as they possibly can be and they are polite by serving you with tea (usually with milk and sugar), coffee, or even another beverage. Some foods that may be set out would be something like **Kitumbua** (which is fried bread), or **Maandazi** (which is a small sized donut.) But don't refuse these refreshments because they find it very rude if you do so.

A first time visitor may bring a small little gift to their home which might include either sweets or cookies even but never flowers because they consider them to be condolences. Tourists of the opposite sex are most likely entertained with the outside door open. When it is time for the visitors to leave from a place in Tanzania, the host usually walks with them out (close to a couple hundred feet) to give them a proper good-bye.


 * __Works Cited__**
 * [|**http://www.cia.gov**]
 * [|**http://online.culturegrams.com**]